Department of Physics College of Science University of Salahaddin
Subject: Heat & Thermodynamics Course Book – (2 Year)
Lecturer's name: Dr. Ahmed Hassan Hamshen 

Academic Year: 2022 - 2023

Course Book

1. Course name	Heat & Thermodynamics	
2. Lecturer in charge	Dr. Ahmed Hassan Hamshen	
3. Department/ College	Department of Physics / College of Science	
4. Contact	E-mail: ahmed.kurda@su.edu.krd

Tel: +9647504495613	
5. Time (in hours) per week	Theory:	2

Practical: 2	
6. Office hours	3	
7. Course code		
8. Teacher's academic profile	During the 31 years, experience teaching of different Subjects (general physics, atomic physics, statistical physics and thermodynamics) and Labs such as (properties of mater lab, atomic lab Thermodynamics Lab). Recently during the last year registered two papers in Salahaddin University, an I was a college register during (2005-2007).
 
B.Sc. of Physics from 1990 - Salahaddin University- Erbil
M.Sc. of Applied Physics from 2002 - Technology University - Baghdad
 Ph. D. of Nanotechnology (Solar cells) from 2017- ( Salahaddin – USM ) - Erbil – Malaysia.
	
9. Keywords	Heat & Thermodynamics, Concepts and Applications

Origin of Thermodynamics, Postulate of Thermodynamics	
10. Course overview:

Thermodynamics is the science of the conversions between heat and other forms of energy. In experimental science based on small number of principles that are generalization made from experiencing concerned only with macroscopic properties of matter. Thermodynamics is essential to understanding principles behind engines, refrigerators, and even life itself.

The course will give students a better understanding of the meaning of Heat and Temperature, begi	

n

discussing some basic concepts and definitions and considering a scientific look at heat, temperature internal energy and with a description of one of the laws of thermodynamics (“Zeroth law”). We consider the law of conservation of energy as a universal law of nature, and the processes by which end transferred.
   Based on these concepts, the First law of thermodynamics with some of it is empirical applications will be discussed.  The Heat Engines and their Efficiency, and then Carnot’s work to determine maximum possibly efficiency of heat engines is presented.  We will then look at how this leads to the co of entropy and the Second law of thermodynamics, perhaps one of the most debated laws of physic addition, the kinetic theory will be given with an exploring how the various thermodynamic quantities as pressure, internal energy and temperature of a gas obeying basic classical physics. To conclude, we look at some of the concepts such as reversibility, the principle of the maximum entropy.

11.	Course objective:

This course is designed to introduce the second year of bachelor student physics with the thermodynamics through course of lectures, problem-solving practice and discussion, which is considered one of the important in classical physics. Objectives of the course can be represented as the following important po

1)	Students will be familiar with the key concepts and most fundamental principles and their implication especially the first and second laws of thermodynamics, and kinetic theory.

2)	Students will be able to use and apply the basic concept of such as entropy, energy, heat, work, to a range of different thermodynamic systems in their daily life.  For instance, air condition refrigerator, power plant, etc.

3)	This course will provide students with the fundamentals of phase transitions. The term of the transition is commonly used to describe transitions between solid, liquid and gaseous states of m Phase transitions are common occurrences observed in nature and many engineering technologies exploit certain types of phase transition.

12.	Student's obligation:

A list of additional useful problems will be given to help the student further sharpen your understanding subject and your problem-solving skills. The students are required to do these problems, although to find it useful to do so. Because this subject is One course, so that the students are required to do at least closed exam during this semester besides other assignments and each student must prepare full report.

end of the year. All exams have marks, full report also has marks, the classroom activities count mark for attendance too.
،اﺪﻧﺎﮐهوﮫﻧدﺮﮑﯿﻗﺎﺗ ﮫﻟ ،اﺪﻧﺎﮐﮫﻧاو ﮫﻟ نﺎﯿﺑﺎﺗﻮﻗ ﯽﻧوﻮﺑهدﺎﻣﺎﺋ ﮫﻧوﻮﻤﻧ ﯚﺑ ﮫﮐﮫﺳرﯚﮐ ﮫﺑ تهرﺎﺑﮫﺳ هوﮫﺗﺎﮐهﺪﻧووڕ ﯽﺑﺎﺗﻮﻗ ﯽﺘێرﺎﯿﺳﺮﭘرﮫﺑ ﺎﺘﺳﯚ

.ﺪﺘھ ...ﻦﯿﺳوﻮﻧ رﺎﺗوو و

13.	Forms of teaching

Different types of teaching will be used to reach the objective of the subject: - power point, video, and different animation flash for all subject of thermodynamic subject.
...ﮫﻣهﺰﻟﮫﻣ نﺎﯾ درﯚﺒﺗرﺎﻤﺳ ،ﯽﭙﺳ یﮫﺘﺧﮫﺗ ،شهڕﮫﺘﺧﮫﺗ رﮫﺳ ،ﺖﻨﯾﯚﭘرهوﺎﭘ و ﯚﺷﺎﺗاد :ﮫﻧوﻮﻤﻧ ﯚﺑ ،ﺖێﺳوﻮﻧهد هوﮫﻨﺗوو ﮫﻧاو یﮫﮕێڕ ﺎﺘﺳﯚ

14.	Assessment scheme

All exams have 30 marks, full report has 5 marks, the classroom activities count and for attendance 5 So that the final grade will be based upon the following criteria:
Mid- semester exam: 30%

Classroom participation and assignments: 5% Report: 5%
Final Exam: 60%.

Breakdown of overall assessment and examination

یهوﮫﻧدﺮﮐﺮﯿﺑ ،نﺎﮐهﺰﯾﻮﮐ ،ﮫﻧﺎﮕﻧﺎﻣ یهوﮫﻧدﺮﮑﯿﻗﺎﺗ ﮫﻧوﻮﻤﻧ ﯚﺑ ﺖێﺳوﻮﻧهد (نﺎﮐﮫﻧوﻮﻣزﮫﺋ نﺎﯾ نﺎﮐهوﮫﻧدﺮﮑﯿﻗﺎﺗ) نﺪﻧﺎﮕﻧﮫﺴڵﮫھ یرﯚﺟ ﺎﺘﺳﯚ و ﺖێﺑهدرﮫﺳﮫﻟ یهﺮﻤﻧ ﺪﻧﮫﭼ ﮫﻧﺎﻣﺎﺋ .ﺪﺘھ...اﺪﻟﯚﭘ ﮫﻟ نﺎﯿﺑﺎﺗﻮﻗ ﯽﻧوﻮﺑﮫﻧهدﺎﻣﺎﺋ نﺎﯾ ﻦﯿﺳوﻮﻧ رﺎﺗوو ،ﻦﯿﺳوﻮﻧ ترﯚﭘاڕ ،(ﻦﺸﯾﮫﺘﻧهﺰﯾﺮﭘ) ﮫﻧاﺮ
؟تﺎﮐهﺪﺷﮫﺑاد نﺎﮐهﺮﻤﻧ نﯚﭼ

15. Student learning outcome:
Thermodynamics   plays   a   very   important   role   in   the   Physics   field, during   the   years   I   tea

Thermodynamics, I have notices that students generally find it easier to learn its underlying ideas handle the practical aspects of the formalism.  What is true is that the students at the Physics department were all selected after a stiff entrance examination, and whose ambitions in life were diverse – in science industry, in business– all had to follow this introductory physics course. As a consequence, the challenge to try to get them interested in the field whatever their future goals were. Of course, quantum mechanics ideal subject because one can be interested in it for a variety of reasons, such as the physics itself mathematical structure of the theory, its technological spinoffs, as well as its philosophical or cultural as So the task was basically to think about the pedagogical aspects, in order to satisfy audiences that went many students during the last 10 years.

ﮫﮐﮫﺳرﯚﮐ ﯽﻧﺎﮐﮫﯿﮐهرﮫﺳ ﮫﺠﻧﺎﻣﺎﺋ ﯽﻧووڕ :ﮫﻧوﻮﻤﻧ ﯚﺑ .ﺖێﺳوﻮﻧهد نوﻮﺑﺮێﻓ ﯽﻧﺎﮐﮫﻣﺎﺠﻧﮫﺋرهد ﺎﺘﺳﯚﻣﺎﻣ ،ﮫﮕﻧﺮﮔ رۆز ﮫﯾﮫﻧﺎﺧ مﮫﺋ یهو
رﺎﮐﺪﻨێﻮﺧ ﯚﺑ (ﮫ رﺎﮐ یڕازﺎﺑ و هوهرهد ﯽﺘﺴﯾﻮێﭘ ﮫﺑ ﮫﮐﮫﺳرﯚﮐ ﯽﮐۆڕهوﺎﻧ ﯽﻧ
؟هوﮫﺳرﯚﮐ مﮫﺋ ﯽﻧاﺪێﭘ یﮫﮕێڕ ﮫﻟ ﺖێﺑهدﺮێﻓ ێﻮﻧ ﯽ

This should not be less than 100 words	
16. Course Reading List and References:
Books: There are many good introductory texts on Thermodynamics for example:

"Heat And Thermodynamics" 2002, by  Brij Lal & N. Subrahmanyam. "Heat Thermodynamics and Statistical Physics". 2000.  by S.Chand
"Heat And Thermodynamics" (“Seventh Edition”). 1997, by     Mark W. Zemansky.	&  Richard H. Dit "Engineering Thermodynamics".  2010, by   Tarik Al-Shemmeri & Ventus Publishing
(1988)   ﺔﯿﺟﺮﻛ ﺪﺠﻣا د	مﻮﻠﻈﻣ ﻲﻣﺎﺳا د   : ﻚﯿﻤﻨﯾادﻮﻣﺮﺜﻟاو

(1980)  دﻮﺒﻋ ﻢﺳﺎﻗ ﻢﺷﺎھ د	: ﻚﯿﻤﻨﯾادﻮﻣﺮﺜﻟاو

▪	Key references:
▪	Useful references:
▪	Magazines and review (internet):	
17. The Topics:	Lecturer's name	
	
Subject	
Week		Dr. Ahmed Hassan Hamshen

Exm: ( 3 hours) 	
	Thermodynamic Variables, Fundamental concepts of Thermodynamics, Types of Thermodynamic walls.	
1			
	Types of Thermodynamic Systems, Types of Thermodynamic process, Pressure, Thermometer.	
2			
	Centigrade- Kelvin- Fahrenheit – Rankin scales, Relation between Celsius's, Kelvin, Fahrenheit, and Rankin scales, Concept of Absolute Zero, Calibrate a thermometer on the centigrade scale.	
3			
	Type of Thermometer, Liquid in glass thermometer, Gas Thermometer, Platinum resistance thermometer, Thermoelectric thermometer.	
4			
	Clinical thermometer, Data   Logging   Thermometer: (data   recorder), Pyrometer, Infrared thermometer, Traditional Thermometer.	
5			
	Thermal expansion, Type of thermal expansion, Linear expansion, Area expansion, Volume expansion, Thermal Stress.	
6			
	The Unusual behaviour of water, Thermal expansion of solids and liquids, Atomic bonding in solids.	
7			
	Type of Heat transfer, Thermal Conduction, Some Cases in Heat Flow, Heat flow through a bar, Radial heat flow.	
8			
	Heat flow through the walls of a cylindrical tube, Heat flow through composite walls, Convection.	
9			

ﭼ

	Radiation, Laws of black body radiation, Stefan- Boltzmann law, Newton's law, Wines law.	
10			
	Basic Postulate of Kinetic theory, Equation of State, Concept of Ideal gas or Perfect gas, Equation of State of Ideal gas, Boyle’s Law, Charles’s Law.	
11			
	Dalton’s   Law, Avogadro's   Law,   Law,   Gay-Lussac’s   Law, Experimental method for determining the equation of state of Ideal gas.	
12			
	Equation of State of Real gas, Van Der Walls equation of state, Prediction of kinetic theory, Kinetic theory model of a gas.	
13			
	Average kinetic energy of the molecule, P – V – T Surface of Ideal Gas, Van Der Waal's equation and critical constant, Compressibility Factor.	
14			
	Andrew's Experimental for CO2 Gas, Comparison theoretical and experimental PV curve, Boyle’s temperature, Behavior of gases at high pressure	
15			
	P-V-T Surface of Real gas, Phase of matter, Phase of diagram, Specific heat, Heat capacity.	
16			
	Calorimeter, Latent Heat of Fusion and Vaporization, Laws of Fusion and boiling, Change of state of substance, Saturated vapor pressure, Saturated vapor and saturated liquid	
17			
	Zero law of thermodynamic, Concept of Heat, Work: - A path dependent function, Internal Energy (U). First law of thermodynamic.	
18			
	The relation between heat and work, Kinds of thermodynamic process in First law, Work done of different process.	
19			
	Heat Capacity of an Ideal Gas, Relation between (Cp, Cv, and ã), Degree of freedom.	
20			
	Specific heat of gases, Enthalpy, The Coefficient of volume Expansion and Compression of Van-Der-Walls gas	
21			
	Heat Engine, Otto Cycle, Efficiency of Gasoline engine.	22			
	Second Law of Thermodynamics, Statements of Second Law of Thermodynamics, Kelvin- Planck Statement, The Clausius Statement.	
23			
	Heat pumps and Refrigerators, Carnot cycle, Efficiency of Carnot cycle.	24			
	Entropy and Third law of Thermodynamic, The property of Entropy, Entropy of ideal gas, Entropy heat engine.	
25			
18. Practical Topics (If there is any)		
In this section the lecturer shall write titles of all practical topics he/she is

going to give during the term. This also includes a brief description of the objectives of each topic, date and time of the lecture	Lecturer's name: Dr. Ahmed Hassan Hamshen
 ex: (3 hrs.)
ex: 	
19. Examinations:

Q1/ Choose the correct statements

1- Isochoric Processes means: - a- constant volume, b-temperature constant, c- pressure constant 2- Thermodynamic is a branch of: - a- modern physics, b- classical physics	

3- Newton's law of cooling is: - a- law of convection, b- law of conduction, c- law of radiation Q2/ Fill the following blank with possible word:-
1-  Universe = ------------------+ ---------------------.
2-  The triple point of water=-----------.
3-  Heat transfer in gas by----------, , in solids by----------------, and --------------.

Q3/ For what temperature the value of Fahrenheit temperature equal to the Celsius temperature. Q4/ Use the equation of state of ideal gas, show that: -
the volume expansion (â) is equal to (1/T)

20.	Extra notes:

Here the lecturer shall write any note or comment that is not covered in this template and he/she wis enrich the course book with his/her valuable remarks.

21.	Peer review

ڵهوﺎھ یهوﮫﻧوﻮﭼاﺪێﭘ

This course book has to be reviewed and signed by a peer. The peer approves the contents of your course by writing few sentences in this section.
(A peer is person who has enough knowledge about the subject you are teaching, he/she has to be a prof assistant professor, a lecturer or an expert in the field of your subject).
کﮫﯾﮫﺷوو ﺪﻧﮫﺟ و تﺎﮑﺑ ﺪﻧﮫﺳﮫﭘ ﮫﮐﮫﺳرﯚﮐ ﯽﻧﺎﮐﮫﺗﮫﺑﺎﺑ ﯽﮐۆڕهوﺎﻧ و ﺖێﺮﮑﺑ ﺮﯾﮫﺳ هوﮫﯿﻤﯾدﺎﮐﮫﺋ ﯽﮑێڵهوﺎھ نﮫﯾﻻﮫﻟ ﺖێﺑهد ﮫﮐوﻮﺒﺳ

.تﺎﮑﺑ رﮫﺳﮫﻟ یووژاو و ﮫﮐﮫﺳرﯚﮐ ﯽﮐۆڕهوﺎﻧ یوﺎﯿﺷ رﮫﺳﮫﻟ ﺖ

.ﺖێﺑﮫﻧ ﺮﺘﻣﮫﮐ ﺎﺘﺳﯚﻣﺎﻣ ﮫﻟ ﯽﺘﺴﻧاز یﮫﻠﭘ ﺖﯿﺑهد و ﮫﮐﮫﺳرﯚﮐ رﮫﺳﮫﻟ ﺖێﺑﮫھ یرﺎﯿﻧاز ﮫﮐ ﮫﯾﮫﺳﮫﮐ وﮫ